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HMAS ''Orion'' (S 61) was an ''Oberon'' class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of six submarines ordered by the RAN during the 1960s, ''Orion'', named after the constellation in a break from ship-naming tradition, was built in Scotland and commissioned in 1977. ''Orion'' was decommissioned in 1996, marked for disposal in 2003, and broken up for scrap in 2006. Several sections of the submarine remain intact as memorials and museum pieces. ==Design and construction== (詳細は''Porpoise'' class of submarines, with changes made to improve the vessels' hull integrity, sensor systems, and stealth capabilities.〔Chant, ''A Compedium of Armaments and Military Hardware'', pp. 167–8〕 Eight submarines were ordered for the RAN, in two batches of four.〔Cooper, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 188〕 The first batch was approved in 1963, and the second batch (including ''Orion'') was approved during the late 1960s, although two of these were cancelled before construction started in 1969, with the funding redirected to the Fleet Air Arm.〔Cooper, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 194〕〔Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 394-5〕 This was the fourth time the RAN had attempted to establish a submarine branch.〔Dennis et al., ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military history'', p. 399〕 The submarine was long, with a beam of , and a draught of when surfaced.〔 At full load displacement, she displaced 2,030 tons when surfaced, and 2,410 tons when submerged.〔 The two propeller shafts were each driven by an English Electric motor providing 3,500 brake horsepower and 4,500 shaft horsepower; the electricity for these was generated by two Admiralty Standard Range supercharged V16 diesel generators.〔Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 15〕 The submarine could travel at up to on the surface, and up to when submerged, had a maximum range of at , and a test depth of below sea level.〔〔 When launched, the boat had a company of 8 officers and 56 sailors, but by the time she decommissioned, the number of sailors had increased to 60.〔〔 In addition, up to 16 trainees could be carried.〔 The main armament of the ''Oberon''s consisted of six torpedo tubes.〔 The British Mark 8 torpedo was initially carried by the submarine; this was later replaced by the wire-guided Mark 23.〔Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 21〕 Between 1977 and 1985, the Australian ''Oberons'' were upgraded to carry United States Navy Mark 48 torpedoes and UGM-84 Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles.〔〔 As of 1996, the standard payload of an Australian ''Oberon'' was a mix of 20 Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon missiles.〔 Some or all of the torpedo payload could be replaced by Mark 5 Stonefish sea mines, which were deployed through the torpedo tubes.〔Sharpe (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships, 1996–1997'', p. 23〕〔 On entering service, two stern-mounted, short-length torpedo tubes for Mark 20 anti-submarine torpedoes were fitted.〔 However, the development of steerable wire-guided torpedoes made the less-capable aft-firing torpedoes redundant; they were closed off, and later removed during a refit.〔Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 19〕 ''Orion'' was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Greenock, Scotland on 6 October 1972, launched on 16 September 1974, and commissioned into the RAN on 15 June 1977.〔Sharped (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1992–93'', p. 22〕 The submarine was due to enter service in 1975, but faulty high-power electrical cabling had been installed in ''Orion'' and sister boat ; stripping out and replacing the cabling delayed each submarine's construction by two years.〔Owen, in Mitchell, ''Australian Maritime Issues 2010'', p. 31〕 The delay meant that the two boats could be fitted with Micropuffs rangefinding sonar during construction, and have additional electronic surveillance equipment installed.〔Owen, in Mitchell, ''Australian Maritime Issues 2010'', p. 32-3〕 ''Orion''s name comes from the constellation Orion: although a name with strong links to the Royal Navy (with six vessels operating as ), this was a break from the RAN's traditional use of the names of explorers and pioneers for submarines.〔Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 394〕 The submarine's motto of "Orbe Circumcincto" (Latin for "All around the world") refers to the visibility of the constellation from any point on Earth.〔''Orion set to become a reality in Jindabyne'', in ''Summit Sun''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMAS ''Orion'' (S 61) was an ''Oberon'' class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of six submarines ordered by the RAN during the 1960s, ''Orion'', named after the constellation in a break from ship-naming tradition, was built in Scotland and commissioned in 1977.''Orion'' was decommissioned in 1996, marked for disposal in 2003, and broken up for scrap in 2006. Several sections of the submarine remain intact as memorials and museum pieces.==Design and construction==(詳細はOberon class submarineを参照)The ''Oberon'' class was based heavily on the preceding ''Porpoise'' class of submarines, with changes made to improve the vessels' hull integrity, sensor systems, and stealth capabilities.Chant, ''A Compedium of Armaments and Military Hardware'', pp. 167–8 Eight submarines were ordered for the RAN, in two batches of four.Cooper, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 188 The first batch was approved in 1963, and the second batch (including ''Orion'') was approved during the late 1960s, although two of these were cancelled before construction started in 1969, with the funding redirected to the Fleet Air Arm.Cooper, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 194Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 394-5 This was the fourth time the RAN had attempted to establish a submarine branch.Dennis et al., ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military history'', p. 399The submarine was long, with a beam of , and a draught of when surfaced. At full load displacement, she displaced 2,030 tons when surfaced, and 2,410 tons when submerged. The two propeller shafts were each driven by an English Electric motor providing 3,500 brake horsepower and 4,500 shaft horsepower; the electricity for these was generated by two Admiralty Standard Range supercharged V16 diesel generators.Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 15 The submarine could travel at up to on the surface, and up to when submerged, had a maximum range of at , and a test depth of below sea level. When launched, the boat had a company of 8 officers and 56 sailors, but by the time she decommissioned, the number of sailors had increased to 60. In addition, up to 16 trainees could be carried.The main armament of the ''Oberon''s consisted of six torpedo tubes. The British Mark 8 torpedo was initially carried by the submarine; this was later replaced by the wire-guided Mark 23.Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 21 Between 1977 and 1985, the Australian ''Oberons'' were upgraded to carry United States Navy Mark 48 torpedoes and UGM-84 Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles. As of 1996, the standard payload of an Australian ''Oberon'' was a mix of 20 Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon missiles. Some or all of the torpedo payload could be replaced by Mark 5 Stonefish sea mines, which were deployed through the torpedo tubes.Sharpe (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships, 1996–1997'', p. 23 On entering service, two stern-mounted, short-length torpedo tubes for Mark 20 anti-submarine torpedoes were fitted. However, the development of steerable wire-guided torpedoes made the less-capable aft-firing torpedoes redundant; they were closed off, and later removed during a refit.Shaw, ''HMAS Onslow'', p. 19''Orion'' was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Greenock, Scotland on 6 October 1972, launched on 16 September 1974, and commissioned into the RAN on 15 June 1977.Sharped (ed.), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1992–93'', p. 22 The submarine was due to enter service in 1975, but faulty high-power electrical cabling had been installed in ''Orion'' and sister boat ; stripping out and replacing the cabling delayed each submarine's construction by two years.Owen, in Mitchell, ''Australian Maritime Issues 2010'', p. 31 The delay meant that the two boats could be fitted with Micropuffs rangefinding sonar during construction, and have additional electronic surveillance equipment installed.Owen, in Mitchell, ''Australian Maritime Issues 2010'', p. 32-3 ''Orion''s name comes from the constellation Orion: although a name with strong links to the Royal Navy (with six vessels operating as ), this was a break from the RAN's traditional use of the names of explorers and pioneers for submarines.Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 394 The submarine's motto of "Orbe Circumcincto" (Latin for "All around the world") refers to the visibility of the constellation from any point on Earth.''Orion set to become a reality in Jindabyne'', in ''Summit Sun''」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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